Crude oil from the tank area is pumped into the workshop. After being measured by a flow meter, it passes through a crude oil filter to remove large mechanical impurities. The filtered crude oil then enters the refining kettle, where phosphoric acid is added to remove phosphorus and gum impurities. A dilute alkali solution is added to remove minor fatty acids, causing soap to form, which aids in adsorption. After two or three water washes, residual soap is removed from the oil before entering the bleaching section for drying.
The degummed oil is heated to 105-115°C and then enters the bleaching kettle, which maintains a vacuum greater than 720 mmHg. The bleaching kettle is fully enclosed and welded using automated technology. Vacuum drying removes moisture from the oil. Activated clay is added to thoroughly mix the oil and clay. Bleaching takes approximately 30 minutes. A dedicated bleaching oil pump then pumps the oil into a vibrating filter, where the clay is automatically discharged. The bleached oil then enters a bag filter for final filtration before being temporarily stored in a bleaching clear oil tank.
The bleached oil is pumped out and deodorized in a deodorizer. Under direct steam, the oil undergoes stripping and distillation for 3-4 hours, evaporating the FFA and odorous components. The finished oil is pumped out via a shielded pump, heat-exchanged with the deodorized oil, and then polished and filtered. It is then cooled to below 50°C before entering a temporary storage tank. An appropriate amount of antioxidant is added to the oil before entering the polishing filter to enhance its antioxidant capacity and extend its shelf life.
Raw oil is pumped from an outdoor storage tank into the workshop by a raw material pump, where it is metered. After oil-to-oil heat exchange and chilled water cooling, the oil is cooled to below 25°C before entering the crystallization tank. The crystallization tank is equipped with a high-level alarm and interlock. Once full, the cooling crystallization process begins. This process is computer-controlled based on pre-set refrigeration parameters. The computer regulates the oil cooling rate by controlling the temperature of the circulating water in the crystallization tank's refrigeration coils, ensuring optimal crystallization results.
Using an advanced membrane filtration system, the membrane filter press primarily differs from conventional chamber filter presses in the installation of a semi-automatic membrane diaphragm—a composite rubber plate-type elastic membrane—between the filter plates and the filter cloth. During operation, when material feeding is complete, high-pressure fluid is injected between the filter plates and the diaphragm. This causes the entire diaphragm to bulge and compress the filter cake, further dehydrating it. This is known as squeeze filtration.
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