The odor molecules in crude edible oil are primarily composed of odor-prone molecules such as free fatty acids. Because free fatty acids are more volatile than triglycerides (the oil itself), the odor can be separated from the oil itself by adjusting the temperature and pressure.
The principle of the deodorization process remains essentially unchanged. Deodorization typically involves passing an odor-removing substance through hot oil in a low-pressure environment, removing the odor molecules from the oil. This odor-removing substance, known in the industry as a stripping agent, is typically high-temperature steam (generally above 200°C).
A view of a factory operating edible oil (golden yellow) using a continuous deodorization process. During deodorization, the high-temperature steam removes most of the odorous molecules.
Palm oil is a cornerstone of the modern food industry, and fast food and convenience foods use it extensively. For example, fried foods are often made with palm oil.
High Temperature and Vacuum: The deodorization process is carried out in a well-established vacuum chamber, heating the bleached palm oil to a high temperature (approximately 260°C, or from about 3°C to 200°C). Direct Steaming: Direct steam is introduced into the oil to create a distillation process.
Odor Removal: Odor-causing substances are more volatile than the palm oil itself. High-temperature steam distills these substances and carries them away with the steam, achieving deodorization.
Quality Improvement: Deodorization removes odors from crude palm oil, enhancing its edible value and flavor.
Stability Improvement: The deodorization process also increases the smoke point and stability of the palm oil.
Usage in Various Products: After deodorization, refined palm oil can be used in food manufacturing and a variety of other products.
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