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Palm oil refining generates several byproducts, primarily including palm fatty acid distillate, palm acidified oil, and waste clay.

Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD): A byproduct of physical refining of palm oil, it is light brown, semi-solid, and inedible. It mainly consists of free fatty acids, triglycerides, and vitamin E. PFAD has wide applications, serving as a feedstock for biodiesel production, and can also be used in the production of candles, soaps, animal feed, and certain chemical products. Globally, approximately 3 million tons of fatty acid distillate are produced annually through palm oil refining.

Palm acidified oil (PAO): A byproduct of chemical refining of palm oil, it consists of free fatty acids (over 50%) and neutral oil, and also contains 2%-3% water and other impurities. The properties and composition of PAO vary depending on the palm oil feedstock and refining process. It can be used to manufacture laundry soap, produce calcium soaps in animal feed formulations, and as a feedstock for biofuels.

Waste bleaching clay: In the decolorization section of palm oil refining, activated bleaching clay is used to adsorb pigments from the oil. The used bleaching clay becomes waste bleaching clay, which is classified as hazardous waste and requires either pyrolysis or collection and disposal by a qualified hazardous waste treatment company for harmless and resource-based treatment.

Free fatty acids: During palm oil refining, free fatty acids are removed from the oil through processes such as deacidification. These free fatty acids are chemical raw materials and can be collected and used to manufacture soap and other fat derivatives.

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